I guess commonplace decentralized pogroms like what happened to Jews and Roma throughout Europe historically

if everyone would mutually agree on killing certain people they could commit it without an institution ig

i don’t think genocide is capable of being conceptualized in any way outside of meta conceptualization.

The second you break the outside of the strict definitions of genocide, and start moving to who is doing it, the genocide is no longer relevant, you have larger concerns on your hands. (granted still all tangentially related to the genocide at hand)

But nobody ever thinks about genocide as intrinsically related to something else, it is simply an isolated definition for a specific act undertaken by a given group, against another given group.

if you wanted to break that mold you would use a different term like ethnic cleansing, for example.

I suppose a population could try to genocide another population without the government support.