Check the bottom of the bollard, it looks visible damaged where it meets the ground, like it had bent backwards towards the camera.
I think the OP is right. It wouldn’t need elasticity; it got bent down just far enough for the back end of the car to ride up on it, then when they pulled forward it dragged the bollard upright, at which point it punched through the floor.
My guess is the metal had begun to rust where it meets the ground, and then some freeze thaw cycles crumbled the concrete, leaving it weak right where it meets the ground.
The thing is it ended up almost perpendicular to the ground. No bend at all. To have the car pull forward and bend it back that way is a heck of an ask.
Yeah there’s not nearly enough damage to the back of the car for it to have hit so hard as to launch it into the air. Plus you can see yellow paint on the ground where the bollard was clearly laid over. OP is right.