This is the best summary I could come up with:

Habermas argues that globalisation led to a “debordering of economy, society and culture”, and ended the historical period centred on the nation state that controlled its own territory – and in doing so hollowed out democracy.

Thus the EU can restore the power of the state over markets not just on behalf of Europeans, but for the whole of humanity, with the “cosmopolitan goal of creating the conditions necessary for a global domestic policy”.

Benedict Anderson describes how common it is for “progressive, cosmopolitan intellectuals … to insist on the near-pathological character of nationalism, its roots in fear and hatred of the other and its affinities with racism”.

At the beginning of March, as the virus swept through Europe, with Italy hit particularly badly, France and Germany imposed restrictions on the export of personal protective equipment (PPE).

“The overwhelming Catholicism of large parts of continental Europe, and especially of France and Spain, provided a newly invented Britain with a formidable ‘other’, against which it could usefully define itself,” the historian Linda Colley has written.

For example, the French philosopher Edgar Morin wrote in 1990 that Europeans had become conscious of their common destiny since 1945 and had now “arrived at the moment of the community of fate”.

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