These values dont necessarily reflect the reality well. Germany has a high retirement age for many European countries, currently at 67 with debates to raise it another 2-3 years. But people who are already 60 cannot change jobs easily, while their companies want to get rid of them.

So in a lot of places they get a deal to do part time, or be legally employed as part time workers, but permanently told to stay home, while getting a reduced salary.

So basically these people are being employed on paper while factually being retired.

Another issue is that manu women are still forced into part time work because there is insufficient daycare available, especially in the affluent and “christian” south, but their husbands incomes dont suffice for full stay at home moms.

Over the past years the average extra hours per employee were around 30 per year, half of them being unpaid.