For context:

I’m copying the same files to the same USB drive for comparison from Windows and from my Fedora 41 Workstation.

Around 10k photos.

Windows PC: Dual Core AMD Athlon from 2009, 4GB RAM, old HDD, takes around 40min to copy the files to USB

Linux PC: 5800X3D, 64GB RAM, NVMe SSD, takes around 3h to copy the same files to the same USB stick

I’ve tried chagning from NTFS to exFAT but the same result. What can I do to improve this? It’s really annoying.

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2 points

it just finished, 4h for 40GB (6 files)

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4 points

Did the USB drive get excessively warm during this because it looks like the drive is throttling?

Incidentally, this is why I switched to using external SSDs. A group of 128GB flash drives I had would slowly fall over when I would write 100GB off files to it.

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1 point
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No it did not get warm at all because it was barely doing anything. But so that I’m fair I’ve borrowed different USB 3.2 Gen1 drive and tested also with my Fedora Laptop.

single 4.4GB video file

  • Zen1 based Windows PC - 2min 10s (could unmount right after progress finished)
  • Zen4 based Fedora41 laptop - 3min 1s (progress finished within 1min but then took 2min to unmount)
  • Zen3 based Fedora41 PC - 5min 16s (progress finished within 20s but took almost 5min to unmount)
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1 point

Linux, and macOS, enables write caching by default and Windows does not. This is what you’re seeing.

Mounting the drive with “noatime,flush” (preferred) would adjust the write caching and mounting with “sync,dirsync” would turn off write caching.

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1 point

This is a really good point. I generally have the opposite experience re: Linux vs windows file handling speed. But I have been throttled before by heat.

OP, start again tomorrow and try the reverse, and tell us the results.

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single 4.4GB video file

  • Zen1 based Windows PC - 2min 10s (could unmount right after progress finished)
  • Zen4 based Fedora41 laptop - 3min 1s (progress finished within 1min but then took 2min to unmount)
  • Zen3 based Fedora41 PC - 5min 16s (progress finished within 20s but took almost 5min to unmount)
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