Edit: Surprised at all the vegans in this thread. I didn’t think there were so many of you. I’m glad you care so much about animal rights, that you’re willing to forego eating them and using products made from them. If you’re not vegan and have moral objections for this, maybe you should look at yourself first and all the animal abuse you sanction by eating animals and using animal products. Did you know dairy cows have to be pregnant to produce milk? They’re artificially inseminated throughout most of their lives. I hope everyone complaining about this also complains about ice cream and cheese. Or else they would be hypocrites who just want to blame others but never look at themselves.
All morality ultimately comes down to assertions like that though. Ethics aren’t properties inherit in the universe that can be objectively measured like the laws of physics. One can construct ethical frameworks, like utilitarianism or deontology or such, as useful tools to help one decide what one should do in an unclear situation, but ultimately, the choice of what framework to use or the rules of that framework comes down to certain things just not feeling right to a given person, and other things feeling okay.
That ethics can’t be objectively measured is wrong, though. That’s like saying math is not logical because we made it up and you can’t observe it in nature.
It’s very difficult and it’s not possible to do it in practice since we can not look at every variable of every sentient being at all times. But in theory it would be possible to find the most ethical solution to every problem every time and therefore it is measurable.
You could freeze the entire universe, measure the state of every last particle, and you still wouldn’t be presented with the answer to a moral question because morality is fundamentally something people made up, but don’t collectively agree on. From a truly objective point of view, there is no actual difference between genocide and ending world hunger except the amount of people.
it would be possible to find the most ethical solution to a problem given all the variables only if you have already selected a system to determine which combinations of values for each variable are more or less ethical. That is to say, if one goes with ultilitarianism, one could hypothetically objectively measure how much happiness or suffering results from a given situation and pick the one that maximized or minimized it, or do the equivalent for a different ethical system, but you cannot objectively decide if utilitarianism, or deontology, or whatever other ethical system one may wish to use, is even the right system to use in the first place. Before your hypothetical measurements of every variable can actually be used to determine what solution to an ethical problem is best, one has to decide what a solution even looks like, and that decision is ultimately arbitrary.
It’s not arbitrary, though. It is just hard to define. Ethic theory uses certain axioms that aren’t subjective. I am not talking about your moral values, but whether or not certain behaviour is ethical or not.
As a drastic example, driving over a person because it is faster than driving around them. We can certainly decide for some cases whether that is ethically good or not. For the harder to decide cases it’s again just a matter of not knowing all variables. If we would know all variables, we could put each reason for driving over a person on a scale of “ethical goodness”. Since we have certain axioms in ethics you can logically conclude a result for all ethical questions (in theory).
This is not more made up than mathematics are made up. The quantity (not the mass!) of objects, for example, is also just a thought we put onto objects. It’s not in the nature of objects to have a quantity. And if we didn’t had an inherent concept of mathematics, quantity would not exist for us. In that way, it’s different from gravity and other such physical realities. It is the same with ethics.
