Um no, the FBI used software developed by an Israel based company to hack into it. This is well documented. Isreal has been creating and selling iPhone hacking software to nation states for years. They also sold out to the Saudi’s who used to it to track and kill the American resident Jamal Khashoggi.
Your right, I don’t think those Israel companies got a backdoor from apple. A “magic packet” backdoor is too hard to hide into the code and would tank their trust FAST. However, They do encrypt the system files to prevent reverse engineering. iPhones then have enough bad practices (see: the IMessage post) (some of them oddly specific) to make a software developer cry in the corner. Incompetence, UX tunnel vision or intentional flaws. (honestly I don’t know the answer)