I would add for crypto (as for the stock market): I am happy for you and the gain that allows you to be more financially serene (which should not be obtained with the effort of a monetary investment: financial security should be guaranteed to everyone regardless of economic conditions or the ability / luck to invest money);

however the problem with crypto is that they do not invent anything new from a macroeconomic perspective, it is only the stock market that has found a new way to scam people, that is:

• we will call scam any increase in value of anything done to the detriment of another person: the world system is a zero-sum system

• we will call scam something that given its fictitious nature < such as crypto, stocks, government bonds> has no or very little correlation with the real economy but has the purpose of convincing investors to lend money.

• we will call scam anything that is created with the sole purpose of earning money through the investment of money (therefore considering the economy as a sort of meta-economy), a game that holds up as long as people believe in it, differently from industrial capitalism, the IT one makes it even easier to produce fake wealth: create ever new and less innovative consumer goods (apps, devices, operating systems, etc…) closed in a walled garden and thanks to “capitalism as a service”, sell everything via subscription.

• we will call scam any product, physical or not, that requires for its production an amount of resources that is not realistic for the capacities of the planet and is therefore not, in fact, sustainable in the long term