The granddaddy of those would be E.M. Forster’s The Machine Stops, from 1909

@Soyweiser Not as a primary focus, but as a background fact, e.g. Trantor in Foundation.

The Caves of Steel was basically named for it, with a major plot point revolving around the fact that everyone is too agoraphobic to have committed the murder because of generations spent living in giant domed cities kept isolated from the natural world.