Did he really say this? Isn’t he famous for finding mutual aid in nature? I think he said something like competition is the way of predators and that’s what many people, including biologists, focus on, but most of nature does a lot of mutual aid
Yes, he said the both competition and cooperation are found in nature, but that cooperation/mutual aid lends itself more to survival, and he cites examples from both animals and humans: https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/petr-kropotkin-mutual-aid-a-factor-of-evolution
I think it’s kinda a semantic dispute. Rules are mostly a human construct, utilized to organize a hierarchy of understanding of the natural world and how we interact with it as social groups.
So, I’m not really sure if an idea like mutual aid can be used to accurately describe copacetic relationships outside the human experience. Mostly because when nature engages in mutually beneficial relationships, there isn’t a goal of organization, nor is there any understanding of hierarchy.
These types of relationships could better be described by someone like Bookchin, as a network of natural codependent relationships is more in the realm of ecology than it is a political science.
I encourage anyone to read his writings
Its so simple yet most people dont get it. Thanks for posting this.