LOL no. Bots can pass Captchas, but I hit the back button.
No, but it raises the difficulty bar for an attacker.
No, CAPTCHAs can and will be bypassed. But you can make it expensive for bot hosters using PoW CAPTCHAs instead of normal ones. It’s also better privacy-wise.
It depends on the captcha and the bot.
The whole point of captchas is to train bots. Did you think they were all road object and optical character recognition based because those are the categories humans really excel at?