So, as the topic says, I’m going to set up a self hosted email service for myself, family and friends. I know that this one is a controversial topic around here, but trust me when I say I know what I’m getting into. I’ve had a small hosting business for years and I’ve had my share of issues with microsoft and others, I know how to set things up and keep them running and so on.
However, on the business side we used both commercial solution and a dirt-cheap service with just IMAPS/SMTPS and webmail with roundcube. Commercial one (Kerio Connect, neat piece of software, check it out if you need one) is something I don’t want to pay for anymore (even if their pricing is pretty decent, it’s still money out from my pocket).
I know for sure I can rely to bog-standard postfix+dovecot+spamassassin -combo, and it will work just fine for plain email. However, I’d really like to have calendar and contacts in the mix as well and as I’ve only worked with commercial solution for the last few years I’m not up to speed on what the newest toys can offer.
I’m not that strict on anything, but the thing needs to run on linux and it must have the most basic standards supported, like messages stored on maildir-format (simplifies migration to other platform if things change), support for sieve (or other commonly supported protocol) and contacts/calendar need to work with pretty much anything (android, ios, linux, windows, mac…) without extra software on client end (*DAV excluded, those are fine in my books). And obviously the thing needs to work with imaps, smtps, dkim and other necessities, but that should be implied anyways.
I know that things like zimbra, sogo and iredmail exist, but as mentioned, it’s been a while since I’ve played with things like that, so what are your recommendations for setup like this today?
Great plan! We need more independently hosted email. I’ve been self hosting email for 20 years. Still running Postfix and Dovecot, but don’t have all the features you’d like though. I just wanted to chime in that I’ve moved from spamassassin to rspamd. And I’m happy about that. Given your experience in the hosting business I think you’ll like rspamd. One thing I have changed since a few months is have outgoing mail go through Amazon SES. I moved hosting from Linode to Hetzner and that turned out to be not so great for outbound delivery reputation. I didn’t want to migrate back to Linode so I bit the bullet and compromised with SES. That has been really working well, but I admit it is a bit of a step back from fully self hosting.
What’s the benefit of rspamd over SA? I’ve used SA since I first setup my mail stack years ago, and it’s been great. Cron jobs run nightly to train based on the contents of all the mailboxes’ .spam folders, so it’s only gotten better with time.
Not judging, just curious.
I believe the ISPMail tutorials I was following during my rebuild recommended it as the successor to self hosted anti spam. Touting better performance, written in C vs. Perl for spamassassin iirc. The tutorials may have indicated that SA was no longer actively maintained, but that may be a figment of my imagination. Better fact check all of this. But I’ve been very happy with rspamd’s web interface to see what’s going on with the process. There’s a great history view in the dashboard that helps you better understand why a message got flagged as spam. It helped me better fine tune white and blacklists for example. Supposedly it also has a rich module system to enable more advanced filtering techniques like LLM’s and whatnot. But I haven’t looked into that yet. Granted rspamd is also used by ISPs that have massive throughput. I’m definitely not in that category :p
I’ve been using mailcow for about a year and i am very satisfied, it checks all your boxes and is easy to configure and deploy over docker.
I also use Mailcow with three domains (one business). No problems with it from day one. Updates run regularly and smoothly like clockwork. I am happy to recommend it to others.
Second this. Mailcow very easy to setup, though the docs could use improvement. This might have changed already.
That said, I found it easier to pay for a domain and email service where they worry about reputation and random microsoft blacklists.
Just beat me to it…
The one thing that they don’t have yet last I updated, though they’ve been working on it for a while, is a prod ready LDAP/SSO connection. I had the dev branch working with Keycloak, but never got plain LDAP to function.
@ShellMonkey I use the Generic OIDC option, havent tried LDAP.
I tend to keep things simple so if I can it’s easier to not set up the separate auth middleware when there’s already an AD comparable system in place.
Another option I’ve used before is called Neth Server, but that’s more one of those SOHO all-in-one systems rather than a dedicated mail box.
this isn’t addressing the technical side per se, but consider your user’s rebelling factor, i.e. them passively resisting using the stuff you provide and sticking with corpo-crap.
not to go into details, but I’ve got a number of opensource solutions in place for various clients. we have huge some issues with users who need to be corralled and coerced into using the provided messengers, web portals, and such. some resist out of habit, other’s because they prefer the infinitely more polished UX of assorted spyware as opposed to the janky feel and rather rudimental features of opensource alternatives (think gmail vs roundcube).
For self-hosting, be mindful IP addresses have reputation scores and your IP needs to build them up positively. You need to have reverse DNS set, DKIM, SPF records etc for a more trusted reputation, domain reputation etc to not be flagged and sent to spam folders. I just got the $1/month Proton E-Mail for 10 addresses for 1 custom domain as I didn’t feel like dealing with any of this with self hosting, but props for going the self-hosting route.
ISPs often have SMTP relay servers. If you hook into that, your mail gets instant street cred.
Amazon SES is good for this too. I use it in combination with postfix for the outbound mail. Granted it feels a bit like cheating on the whole self hosting part, at least for outbound. And I only started doing it in the past year of self hosting for 20 years. MS (Hotmail, Outlook, Office 365) was by far the biggest asshole in randomly denying delivery from my (well maintained reputation wise and well configured) outbound IP before switching to an SES relay. Fuck em, seriously. It’s not just about preventing spam, it’s clearly a strategy towards email dominance. Other big players are guilty of this too though.
Yes, you’re right. But to be honest, it only took me four weeks of perseverance and a few mails to the administrators of spam lists and I had no more problems with receiving and sending mail.
If you set up your mail server correctly and also enter a postmaster address, you will be informed of any problem, no matter how small, and can address it promptly.
I was surprised at how quickly and, above all, helpfully the staff at the spam list providers respond when you write to them politely and, if necessary, ask for more background information and best practices.
It was definitely worth it for me and I would do the work and build up the knowledge again at any time. As a result, you have maximum freedom in configuration and extensive options for customizing your own workflow in dealing with emails.
