Run command as not-root
Hi everyone
At work, I have to run a command in an AWS instance. In that particular instance only exists the root user. The command should not be executed with root privileges (it executes mpirun, which is not recommended to run as sudo or the machine might break), so I was wondering if there is a way to block or disable the sudo privileges while the command is running. As mentioned, the only user existing there is root, so I suppose “sudo -u” is not an option.
Does anyone know how to do it? Thanks in advance!
The system is broken. Wipe it and start again. I could imagine a system with no configured root but root only is just a security nightmare and not worth using as a starting point.
I really hope that machine isn’t exposed to the internet…
In theory a root application can drop capabilities when it starts up and remain root pid, but it’s not that common… it’s used for certain system apps that require root to increase security. It is not a replacement for unprivileged users.
Forgot to mention that creating a new user brings a lot of problems because of how that machine is configured and all the tools that would need to be added the new user’s permission. In theory it would eventually work after some time working on it, but I’d like to know if there’s a way to do it without creating users (or if it’s impossible, so I can just go on with that only option)
@linux
There’s no way to run a command as another user if that user is not created.
https://linux.die.net/man/1/runuser
Edit:sudo is also an option but I like runuser for your use-case
@Oisteink in another comment (https://social.vivaldi.net/users/nirogu/statuses/111342629815373353) I explained why I’d prefer not to create another user, as it would require a lot of work to configure everything again for that command to work (it’s a big process). I was thinking of hiding my sudo permissions from the program or something like that, if possible, because many things in the instance are only configured to be used with the root user, even if they don’t require sudo. Anyway, I’m seeing that it might not be possible so creating a new user could be the only option 🙁
Read your other post and it seems to me that a rebuild of the system to accommodate non-root users would be my preferred solution. Trying to “work around“ issues like this are prone to break as the system is updated/changed. And you’re back to trying to figure out what’s changed and makes your script break.
Linux privilege only understands user id’s and group id’s. These are mapped through /etc/passwd and /etc/groups. You will see in passwd that the root user has UID 0. Any account you create with UID 0 will have root privileges. So running the command specifying any user with UID!=0 will run without those privileges.
It’s also possible to set user on execution with setuid - but that won’t work on scripts only binary executables.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setuid
You can run commands as the new user from the root account.
su -c 'command' username
Enter the password for the new user when prompted.
This way at least the main account is still root and the command is being run without root privileges on the new users account.
@Rustmilian yeah, already tried it. The problem is that all of the apps in the instance are only installed for the root user (e.g. python and all it’s libraries. So, when I use su -c all I get is a lot of command not found messages that would take a lot to solve. Besides I expect a lot more problems when the command needs access to some files and some processes (like a sql database) that would require me to do a lot of stuff to grant permissions to the new user. That would eventually work but given the work it requires I thought that some kind of “anti sudo” command or something like that could exist so I can still be the root user but pretend I am not a superadmin
There’s a source that says something about using the AWS Systems Manager Session Manager by
““Configuring the necessary IAM permissions for your user or role to access the instance using Session Manager 1
Open the AWS Systems Manager console, navigate to the “Session Manager” page, and select the instance you want to access
Click on the “Start session” button to initiate the session with the instance.
Once the session is established, you can run commands as the root user without the need for sudo””
I’m unsure if this achieves exactly what you need though.
You probably want to run the command as nobody, the special system user who daemons become when they don’t want to have root permissions.
Are you certain this isn’t a docker container you’ve logged into?
@ursakhiin honestly, didn’t consider it. Just checked and the “docker” command doesn’t even exist so I assume that is not the case. Do you know if the is any other way I can be certain?
Well, the docker command wouldn’t exist inside of a container. You could use uname to check the system info.
How is it you don’t know this information about a system you’ve connected to?
@ursakhiin honestly, I didn’t even know an aws instance could be a docker image. Everything I did was creating the instance normally so I assumed it was just a regular vm. But already double checked and it is not a docker image, so no problem there 🙂
There are no other users at all? Seems like a lot of stuff simply wouldn’t work without a single non-root user, not to mention this is a pretty bad security stance considering the only user is the most powerful one.
If you do have another user on the instance you can su as that other user, nobody for example, from the root account. Run ‘cat /etc/passwd’ and you will see every available user on the instance.
@astraeus yep, completely agree on the security issues, that is a mistake that should be fixed. But for the moment I confirmed that root is the only user, and every file and program in the instance can only be used by root (I just created a new user and tried to run the command with su -c but got a lot of permission denials and command not found)
If I could hide or disable my own sudo permissions that would save me a lot of work, but I’m starting to think that something like that doesn’t exist 🙁
Unfortunately hiding sudo from root would lead to much greater issues. You can remove sudo privileges from a non-root user, but I don’t think there’s a feasible way to do so for root.
Does your new user have a proper shell setup? If you type bash in the new user’s terminal does it give you anything?
If everything on the machine is owned by root and does not provide global read or execute permissions then a new user would not be able to access it without being in the root group. Assuming the files have group permissions set at all anyways.
