Hi everyone. I’m on the verge of building a new NAS/Media server, and wanted to check here to see if any of you could provide some recommendations based on my goals (below) or your current builds. I currently have a Raspberry Pi 4 running some basic services (Portainer, Home Assistant, Plex, sonarr/radarr/prowlarr, sabnzbd, etc.), but would like to expand my options and capabilities as my interests in the hobby grow.
My goals:
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Ability to have 4+ 1080p streams on Plex. Right now my Pi works surprisingly well at home with one 1080 stream, but basically shits its pants doing much more. Would like to give my parents and a friend or two access.
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Document storage/backup. Interested in Nextcloud, but it seems people have mixed experiences here.
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Photo storage/backup.
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Hosting the services mentioned above, plus some extra headroom for others. I’ll probably move back to Home Assistant OS on my Pi, unless you think I should utilize it for something else.
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OS - unRaid. Not opposed to others, but this does seem to be a great option with a lot of how-guides and videos available.
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Storage/Drives - I honestly don’t know how much I want or need. As it stands, my partner and I probably have less than 1TB of files and photos between the two of us (being very generous with that figure). Would like to expand the media server capabilities as mentioned above.
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Budget - $1000 max including drives.
While the details above are what I would like to achieve with this, you can also consider me an empty canvas. Open to all ideas and suggestions. Let me know if there are other details I can provide that would be helpful. Lastly, thank you all for creating such a great community here.
Like others have said, for a thousand dollars you can get a ton of stuff. For comparison my latest bud cost me around $200 and has about 6tb of raw storage. It runs proxmox and is paired with a mini PC I bought when I first started. I have btrfs raid for the system and then a separate controller for a TrueNAS VM. It even has a bluray drive that I picked up second hand and a RX590 that had to be cut down to fit in the case.
$1000 dollars can buy you a mini data center with used hardware. I honestly don’t know what to recommend but what ever you do make sure its flexible down the road so you aren’t locked into stuff from the past. I would go for a beefier CPU with good cooling and plenty of pcie. Just a note Intel CPUs work better for video encoding.
Does a Nas require a dedicated PC? I’m hoping to run a few bits including a Nas off a PC I’m getting.
Maybe your misunderstanding. Nas stands for network attached storage. Thus means it is storage that is accessible over the network.
You could run your desktop in a virtual machine like I do but keep in mind some proprietary software with DRM will straight up not work. I use my main machine as a desktop by passing though the USB controller and GPU with vfio so that my machines works like expected. It may cost you a few percent of performance loss but assuming your card is well supported it will be smooth sailing.
Another option is to just build a separate system to work as a NAS the reason I was suggesting a full server setup is because you have a big budget. You can get something smaller and more power efficient for a bit less. SSDs are cheap these days you can pick up 4 sata drives which will work well with TrueNAS assuming you have plenty of RAM.
For your CPU I recommend Ryzen 5700G. Powerful enough for everything you want to do, the TDP is only 65 watts so it’s not going to destroy your power bill, has a decent integrated GPU, and costs only about $200. Another positive is that it uses DDR 4 so you can load up on that for pretty cheap too.
If you live near Washington, DC, I’ve got a good system ready to go that I’m selling.
I’m near DC and looking for a new system to replace my Synology NAS, what do you have?
I put it all under a spoiler tag because it’s a lot. Let me know if you’re interested!
inventory/specs
UPS
Eaton 5SC 1000 full sine-wave inverter
Rack
13U enclosed rack w/casters and magnetic front door
Networking
TP-Link EAP225 Wifi AP
Aruba Networks S2500-24P-US Switch
- 24 Port Gigabit Switch
- PoE
- 4x SFP+ 10Gbit ports
Servers
Dell R720xd
Components
- 2x Intel Xeon E5-2667 v2 @ 3.3GHz (8-core CPUs)
- 14x 8GB Samsung ECC 2Rx4 Dual Rank DDR3 10600R 1333MHz RAM (112 GB)
- Intel 4P X520 NIC (2x SFP+ 10Gbit, 2x 1Gbit)
- 2x 750W PSU
- IDSDM 6YFN5 dual SD module
- 2x Sandisk 16GB UHS-1 Extreme SDHC SD cards
- PERC H710P Mini Host Bus Adapter
- PERC H310 Host Bus Adapter
- Dual 2.5" Hotswap Drive Backplane 0JDG3
- 2x Crucial MX500 500GB SSD
- 2x 2.5" Dell Hotswap Drive Caddies/Trays
- Front Hotswap HDD Backplane
- 12x HGST Ultrastar KP06 6TB 7200RPM HDDs
- 12x 3.5" Dell Hotswap Drive Caddies/Trays
- Rack Rails (They hold the server in place, but they’re missing some bearings. If the server is pulled out on the rails it may not go back. Replacing these should be less than $50)
- Locking front panel
- iDRAC Module
Notes
- Runs ~235W at idle
- Can handle many VMs and multiple simultaneous 4k Plex transcodes
- This is basically the best set of parts for the xx20 series Dell servers and is more capable than a lot of the xx30 units
Dell R710
Components
- Rack Rails
- Locking front panel
- CD Drive to 2.5" Drive Adapter
- Samsung 860 Evo 250GB SSD
- Front Hotswap HDD Backplane
- 6x 3.5" Dell Hotswap Drive Caddies/Trays
- 2x 870W PSU
- PERC H216 Host Bus Adapter
- 2x Intel Xeon L5640 @2.26GHz (6-core CPUs)
- 18x 4GB Samsung ECC 2Rx8 Dual Rank DDR3 10600R 1333MHz RAM (72GB)
- Dell 0KJYDB 2xSFP+ 10Gbit NIC
Notes
- Set up to be an ideal backup server
- Just add hard drives and it will be ready to go
- iDRAC modules are available on eBay if you would like out of band management
You may want to consider a mini PC. That was my upgrade after torturing my raspberry pi for many years. I landed here after agonizing over building the perfect NAS media server. Still very low on power consumption, but the compute power per dollar is great these days. All this in only a slightly larger form factor over the pi. I brought over the drives from the pi setup and was up and running for a very low cost. The workload transferred from the pi (plex, NAS, backups, many microservices/containers) leaves my system extremely bored where the pi would be begging for mercy.
I don’t do a lot of transcoding, so I’m no expert here, but looking at the documentation I believe you would want a passmark score of 2000 per each 1080p transcode, so 8000+ for your 4+ streams, not including overhead for other processes.
Thanks for the great info! What mini PC did you end up going with? I’ve heard Beelink and a few others thrown around here and there, and most seem to be impressed with what they can do. Do you mind elaborating some on how you handle your drives with this type of setup? Do you just have some sort of NAS connected directly to the pc?
No worries. I got a beelink S12, non-pro model with 8G RAM and 256G SSD. It was on sale for about $150 USD. Fit my use case, but maybe not yours, although you might be surprised. Perhaps those extra plex share users won’t be concurrently transcoding?
The drives are all USB, the portable type that requires no power source. Like you, I don’t need much. I have ~12T across 3, with a small hub that could provide more ports in a pinch. This model I believe also provides a SATA slot for a 2.5” drive, but I haven’t used it. All of these drives were previously connected to a rpi 3B+, haha!
The drive shares are done via samba and also syncthing. I have no need for a unified share via mergerfs, but I did take a look at this site for some ideas. I’m the type that rolls all their own services rather than using an NAS based distro. Everything is in an ansible playbook that pushes out my configs and containers.
Edit: I should make it clear the NAS is for other systems to access the drives. Drives are directly connected via USB. All my services are contained in this single host (media/backup/microservices/etc). My Pi’s are now clustered for a k3s lab for non critical exploration.
I’m a bit of a minimalist who designs for my current use with a little room to grow. I don’t find much value in “future proofing” as I’ve never had much success in accomplishing that.
I’ll probably start out with just letting my parents access Plex to see how it performs. They would be remotely streaming off an Apple TV, so I’m not entirely sure how much, if any, transcoding will be needed. My other issue is that transcoding is uncharted territory for me, so I should probably work on getting a better understanding of how/when it might come into play in my situation.
Everything else you described sounds like it would fulfill what I’m looking for. I don’t plan on solely hosting “mission critical” aspects of my life on this (at least for now while I continue to learn and possibly break things), but it would help me take the training wheels off my bike.
