ActivityPub has remained the dominant Fediverse protocol over the past few years. In that time, many bright ideas have come on how to improve the spec. Here’s where those efforts are today.
2 points
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there’s no way of knowing for sure if it will be deleted from other instances
You can’t be sure if something is deleted, because there is no way to prove you don’t have something.
However, if you just want to check if the instance claims to have deleted something, you could probably just perform a GET request for the specific object as defined in the activitypub spec.